According to data available on January 1, 2024, 44.7 million people living in the EU were born outside the Union (about 9.9% of the population). A further 17.9 million were born in another EU country. Together, these groups explain much of the bloc’s population growth and a growing share of its workforce. By absolute size, Germany hosts the EU’s largest foreign-born population (15.8 million), followed by France (10.1 million), the UK (9.6 million) and Italy (6 million).